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1. Design and technical preparation
This stage is the basis of successful construction. Engineers take into account the characteristics of the liquid to be stored, operating conditions (pressure, temperature), as well as current standards such as API 650, EN 14015 or DSTU.
Main tasks:
- Calculation of tank volume, height and diameter.
- Choice of design: vertical cylindrical tank with flat, conical or domed roof.
- Geological investigations to assess the bearing capacity of the soil.
- Development of a plan for anti-corrosion protection and insulation.
At this stage, technical documentation is also created, which includes drawings, material specifications and installation recommendations.
2. Site and foundation preparation
The tank's foundation is key to its stability and longevity. Considering the weight of the structure and the liquid that will be stored in it, it is important to correctly distribute the load on the soil.
Work stages:
- Conducting geodetic works and site marking.
- Removal of the top layer of soil and leveling of the base.
- Arrangement of a concrete base with the use of reinforcement. This ensures the resistance of the structure to subsidence and deformation.
- Waterproofing of the foundation to protect against underground water.
Additionally: For objects in areas with high seismic activity, special anchor systems are used, which increase the stability of the structure.
3. Installation of the tank structure
Installation of the tank is one of the most responsible stages. It includes the step-by-step assembly of individual structural elements on the site.
Key actions:
- Assembling the bottom: Steel sheets are placed on the foundation, welded and tested for tightness.
- Installation of walls: Panels are connected using vertical and ring seams. Modern techniques such as automated welding machines are used to ensure accuracy.
- Roof installation: Depending on the project, a flat, conical or domed roof is used. Installation can be carried out from the ground (lifting the finished structure) or from top to bottom.
During installation, special attention is paid to the quality of welding, since even minimal defects can lead to leaks.
4. Corrosion protection and insulation
For a long service life of tanks, comprehensive measures are used to protect against corrosion. The choice of materials depends on the type of stored liquids (for example, aggressive chemicals require the use of special coatings).
Stages:
- Treatment of surfaces by the abrasive jet method to remove dirt and prepare for coating.
- Internal coating with anti-corrosion materials (epoxy or polyurethane paints).
- External coating for protection against atmospheric influences.
- Installation of thermal insulation (if necessary), which prevents heat loss or overheating of the contents.
5. Connection of communications and testing
The final stage includes connecting the tank to pipelines, filling systems, draining, ventilation and monitoring sensors.
Control procedures:
- Hydraulic test: the tank is filled with water to check the tightness of the seams.
- Pneumatic test: used to detect small defects.
- Checking the operation of safety systems: valves, level sensors, fire extinguishing systems.
After the successful completion of the tests, the tank is put into operation.
6. Operation and maintenance
To ensure long work of the tank, it is necessary to carry out regular inspection and maintenance. It includes:
- Cleaning the inner surfaces.
- Control of the condition of welds and anti -corrosion coatings.
- Maintenance of ventilation systems and pipelines.
Conclusion
Construction of fluid storage tanks is a multi -stage process that combines engineering accuracy, modern technologies and compliance with environmental standards. The correct approach to each stage guarantees the reliability of the structure, long service life and safety during the storage of even the most sensitive substances.
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