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1. Design and technical preparation
This stage is the basis for successful construction. Engineers take into account the characteristics of the fluid to be stored, operating conditions (pressure, temperature), as well as current standards, such as API 650, EN 14015, or DSTU.
Main tasks:
- Calculation of tank volume, height and diameter.
- Design choice: vertical cylindrical tank with flat, conical or domed roof.
- Geological surveys to assess the bearing capacity of the soil.
- Development of a corrosion protection and insulation plan.
At this stage, technical documentation is also created, which includes drawings, material specifications, and installation recommendations.
2. Site and foundation preparation
The foundation of a tank is key to its stability and durability. Given the weight of the structure and the liquid it will store, it is important to properly distribute the load on the soil.
Stages of work:
- Conducting geodetic works and marking the site.
- Removing the top layer of soil and leveling the base.
- Arrangement of a concrete base using reinforcement. This ensures the structure's resistance to settlement and deformation.
- Foundation waterproofing to protect against groundwater.
Additionally: For facilities in areas with high seismic activity, special anchor systems are used that increase the stability of the structure.
3. Tank structure installation
Tank installation is one of the most important stages. It involves the phased assembly of individual structural elements on site.
Key actions:
- Bottom assembly: Steel sheets are placed on the foundation, welded and tested for tightness.
- Wall assembly: The panels are joined using vertical and circular seams. Modern technology such as automated welding machines is used to ensure accuracy.
- Roof installation: Depending on the project, a flat, conical or domed roof is used. Installation can be done from the ground (lifting the finished structure) or from the top down.
During installation, special attention is paid to the quality of welding, as even minimal defects can lead to leaks.
4. Corrosion protection and insulation
For a long service life of tanks, comprehensive corrosion protection measures are used. The choice of materials depends on the type of stored liquids (for example, aggressive chemicals require the use of special coatings).
Stages:
- Surface treatment using abrasive blasting to remove contaminants and prepare for coating.
- Internal coating with anti-corrosion materials (epoxy or polyurethane paints).
- External coating for protection against weathering.
- Thermal insulation arrangement (if necessary) that prevents heat loss or overheating of the contents.
5. Communication connection and testing
The final stage includes connecting the tank to pipelines, filling systems, drainage, ventilation, and control sensors.
Control procedures:
- Hydraulic test: the tank is filled with water to check the tightness of the seams.
- Pneumatic testing: used to detect small defects.
- Checking the operation of safety systems: valves, level sensors, fire extinguishing system.
After successful completion of the tests, the tank is put into operation.
6. Operation and maintenance
To ensure the long-term operation of the tank, regular inspection and maintenance are necessary. This includes:
- Cleaning of internal surfaces.
- Monitoring the condition of welds and anti-corrosion coatings.
- Maintenance of ventilation systems and pipelines.
Conclusion
The construction of liquid storage tanks is a multi-stage process that combines engineering precision, modern technologies and compliance with environmental standards. The right approach to each stage guarantees the reliability of the structure, long service life and safety during the storage of even the most sensitive substances.
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