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Introduction
Steel tanks for storing liquids are complex engineering structures that operate in constant contact with aggressive environments. Their durability directly depends not only on the quality of the material, but also on many external and internal factors: from design solutions to operating conditions. In this article, we will consider the main factors that affect the service life of a steel tank and ways to control them.
1. Quality of materials and welding
The basic element of the tank's reliability is the material of the body , usually carbon steel (for example, Steel 3, 09G2S or other structural steels). Low-quality metal can quickly lose strength when in contact with liquids that have a corrosive or abrasive effect.
Welding is also critical . Irregularities in the welds can lead to leaks, cracks, and accelerated corrosion. That is why all welds must undergo non-destructive testing —visual, ultrasonic, capillary, or radiographic.
🔹 CONTROL:
- Use of certified steel.
- Automated or semi-automatic welding.
- Checking each seam before operation.
2. Anti-corrosion protection
Corrosion is one of the main enemies of steel tanks. Its effect reduces the thickness of the walls, reduces the strength of the structure and can cause emergency situations. It is important to apply anti-corrosion coating and monitor its condition.
For exterior surfaces, polyurethane, alkyd or epoxy paints are usually used. For interior surfaces, specialized chemically resistant epoxy compounds are used. Sandblasting preparation before applying the coating ensures its reliable adhesion to the metal.
🔹 CONTROL:
- Professional surface preparation (Sa 2½ or Sa 3).
- Choice of coating depending on the liquid.
- Regular inspection of the condition of the coating (once every 1–3 years).
3. Operating conditions and environment
Operating conditions seriously affect the wear of the tank : temperature fluctuations, humidity levels, ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, as well as the physicochemical properties of the stored liquid.
Particularly aggressive substances (formed water, technical mixtures, chemicals) accelerate the aging process of the tank. Tanks installed in regions with high humidity or in coastal areas also require additional protection measures.
🔹 CONTROL:
- Insulate or ventilate the tank as needed.
- Protection from UV rays (painting, awnings).
- Taking into account the chemical compatibility of materials with the liquid.
4. Regular maintenance and inspections
Even a perfectly manufactured tank requires scheduled maintenance . Regular technical inspection allows you to detect damage, cracks, loss of protective coating or traces of corrosion in time.
The maintenance program may include:
- external inspection of the tank;
- sediment level control;
- inspection of the condition of welds;
- checking the tightness of hatches and pipes.
🔹 CONTROL:
- Development of a maintenance schedule.
- Conducting internal and external inspections in accordance with DSTU/EN/API.
- Documentation of each examination.
Conclusion
The service life of a steel tank is influenced by a combination of factors: the quality of materials, welding performance, the effectiveness of anti-corrosion protection, operating conditions and compliance with maintenance regulations. Only an integrated approach to design, production and further operation allows you to significantly extend the service life of the structure and avoid emergency situations.
For enterprises working with petroleum products and other technical fluids, monitoring the condition of tanks is not just a duty, but a strategically important element of production safety and efficiency .
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